|
ドイツ語:Kölsch is a beer brewed in Cologne, Germany. It is clear with a bright, straw-yellow hue similar to a standard German pale lager. ドイツ語:Kölsch is warm fermented at around 13 to 21 °C (55 to 70 °F), then conditioned by lagering at cold temperatures.〔Ray Daniels, ''Designing Great Beers'' (Boulder, Colorado: Brewers Publications, 1996), 127-8 and 136-9.〕 This style of fermentation links ドイツ語:Kölsch with some other central northern European beers such as the ドイツ語:Altbiers of western Germany and the Netherlands. ドイツ語:Kölsch is defined by an agreement between members of the Cologne Brewery Association known as the . It has a gravity between 11 and 16 degrees. ==History== The term ''ドイツ語:Kölsch'' was first officially used in 1918 to describe the beer that had been brewed by the Sünner brewery since 1906. It was developed from the similar but cloudier variant ''ドイツ語:Wieß'' (for "white" in the Kölsch dialect). It never became particularly popular in the first half of the twentieth century, when bottom-fermented beers prevailed as in the rest of Germany. Prior to World War II Cologne had more than forty breweries; this number was reduced to two in the devastation and its aftermath. In 1946, many of the breweries managed to re-establish themselves. In the 1940s and 1950s, ドイツ語:Kölsch still could not match the sales of bottom-fermented beer, but in the 1960s it began to rise in popularity in the Cologne beer market. From a production of merely 50 million liters in 1960, Cologne's beer production peaked at 370 million liters in 1980. Recent price increases and changing drinking habits have caused economic hardship for many of the traditional corner bars (''ドイツ語:Kölschkneipen'') and smaller breweries. By 2005 output had declined to 240 million litres. Thirteen breweries produce ドイツ語:Kölsch in and around Cologne, anchored by ''ドイツ語:Früh'', ''ドイツ語:Gaffel'', ''ドイツ語:Reissdorf'' and '. There are also smaller brewers, such as ドイツ語:Mühlen-Kölsch or . In adherence to the Kölsch Konvention of 1986 ドイツ語:Kölsch may not be brewed outside the Cologne region. A few outlying breweries were grandfathered. About ten other breweries in Germany produce beer in ドイツ語:Kölsch-style, but are not allowed to call it ドイツ語:Kölsch because they are not members of the convention. In 1997, ドイツ語:Kölsch became a product with protected geographical indication (PGI), expanding protection to the entire EU and several countries beyond it.〔http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:1997:322:0033:0035:DE:PDF〕 Exports of ドイツ語:Kölsch to the United States, Russia, China and Brazil are increasing. Exported ドイツ語:Kölsch does not need to strictly comply with the Provisional German Beer Law, the current implementation of the ドイツ語:Reinheitsgebot. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kölsch (beer)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|